San Cristobal to the border – some roads are not safe

March 7th, 2006 by David

   Leaving San Cristobal de las Casas, I biked with Gregg and Brooks for one more day. We climbed over the mountains, and then descended to the east, where a thick green rainforest grew up around the road. The language changed, rendering useless our tiny Tsotsil vocabulary (‘hello’ ‘goodbye’ ‘you are very pretty’ ‘I do not want to buy that’). I also did not feel comfortable interacting with the locals. Passing one house, a young child yelled ‘gringo!’ stuck out his hand and yelled ‘da me un peso,’ or give me a peso. We arrived in the town of Ocosingo and we were advised the road ahead was unsafe in the afternoon or night. A car made a few passes by the main plaza, where we were seated, and each time a teenager in the car leaned out and yelled ‘un peso,’ more to taunt us than to ask for a peso. I did not ask if there was a fire station and went straight to a cheap hotel that I split with Gregg and Brooks.

   The following morning, as I was planning to ride farther that day, I left at dawn while Gregg and Brooks were still asleep. I biked 30 miles to the town of Agua Azul where I played for 4 hours in waterfalls and clean cool pools. A poorly translated sign (middle photo) encouraged swimming, and I obeyed.

   After 4 hours, I was surprised Gregg and Brooks had not arrived. I returned to the main road to continue on, and I asked a police officer if he had seen my friends.

   A few miles short of Agua Azul, while Gregg and Brooks were slowly climbing a hill, two men with machetes and masks jumped out of the forest. They demanded all of Gregg and Brooks’ stuff. They grabbed at their panniers, yanked hard, shaking the bikes Gregg and Brooks were still on, but were not able to get the bags off the bike. Growing frustrated, they hit Gregg and Brooks with the back ends of their machetes. Gregg gave them a tent and a jacket, and they managed to pull off a pannier (full of dirty laundry and a broken GPS) before they were afraid a car was coming and jumped back into the forest. You can read a more detailed (and scarier) first-hand account on Gregg and Brooks’ website.

   I learned of this story with 30 more miles to bike at 3pm. The police assured me that the road ahead was safe during the day, but that is also what we had heard of the road behind. I rode without stopping, and feared every uphill. It is not an experience I want to repeat.

   I spent the next day with Gregg and Brooks at the ruins of Palenque, walking around ruins of an ancient Mayan city and trying to relax. (The city had maybe 20,000 people living in it during the first millennium AD, but was abandoned by 900 AD.) The photo on the right gives you an idea of the mood of the day.

   We had about 90 more miles to the border with Guatemala. The police told me it was safe during the day and not at night, but they had said this about the other roads. I then asked, ‘when was the last time someone was robbed?’ After some reluctance, the officer said ‘three days ago.’ ‘What time?’ ‘2pm, but it was just a pickup — the tourist vans are fine.’ ‘But, don’t you see I’m on this bicycle right here, like I just told you?’ ‘Oh, yeah…well, that may not be safe.’

   The following day, Gregg, Brooks, and I threw our bikes atop a van and drove the 90 miles to the border, where we had to take a boat across a river. It was not the way I wanted to end Mexico, and it is not the way I will remember Mexico. The journey will continue, but I will be careful to ask about the state of the road ahead, and lose no pride in taking a bus.

Travel Summary – Mexico

March 6th, 2006 by David

(Travel Summaries are sent out as an email if you are signed up for the email list.)

   Welcome to the second Ride for Climate update! Since last update, I have biked from the northwest corner of Mexico to its southeast corner, covering over 3,000 miles. I have stayed at 7 fire houses, stayed with 16 different families, and camped on many roadsides. The awareness-raising-campaign has proceeded well, and I have talked at 12 different schools, been in 4 different newspapers, and appeared on national television.

   It is sometimes difficult to believe everything that I have seen these past three months. I have a notebook full of names of people who have helped me out and who I have promised to send a card to when I reach Argentina. Mexico has proved to be a beautiful country to bike across (although there are lots of hills), and every day – from Baja California to Mexico City to the southern coastline – has provided exciting new adventures.

   All of these experiences are recorded within the journals of my website, and below is an index with links to all Mexico entries, as well as a few additional comments. There is a lot here, so feel free to read only what interests you.

Entries in Mexico:

BAJA CALIFORNIA:

  • 12/12 Crossing the border
  • 12/12 My message in Mexico and my first Mexican school
  • 12/21 Riding the one-car-a-day road
  • 12/26 Riding with two Mexican professors
  • 12/31 Discovering the firehouses
  • 1/3 Water problems and climate change
  • 1/9 Hitching a ride on a yacht and wind power
  • NORTHERN MEXICO – MAZATLAN TO MEXICO CITY

  • 1/10 Home schooled kids at the Mazatlan marina
  • None
  • 1/13 Stomach problems…
  • 1/19 Climbing in the mountains and dodging forest fires
  • 1/20 American School of Durango
  • 1/24 Tec de Monterrey
  • 1/26 Joining forces with other gringo cyclists
  • 2/1 5 School presentations in 5 days
  • 2/6 Millions of monarch butterflies and a few small farms
  • 2/10 Will we lose monarch butterflies because of climate change?
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO – MEXICO CITY TO THE BORDER

  • 2/15 Bicycling in Mexico City
  • 2/22 Riding to Oaxaca and playing soccer with the locals
  • 2/28 Climate change and small Mexican farms
  • 3/3 Fishermen along the Pacific and indigenous villages in the mountains
  • A ride to the border: ruins and bandits (not yet posted)
  •    I have also put together a short album of narrated videos providing a virtual tour of small Mexican towns.

    WHAT DOES CLIMATE CHANGE MEAN FOR MEXICO?
       I have posted about water issues in Baja. You can also read about how we may lose the monarch butterflies due to climate change, as well as entry on how Mexican farmers will likely suffer under climate change. There are plenty other possible effects that I have not written about, ranging from health-harming heat waves in Mexico City to flooded coast lines in places such as where I went fishing with shrimp fisherman.

       I talked about the monarch butterflies, saying that we may lose biodiversity as the climate changes. Indeed, some studies that I have recently looked at show that the forest types all across Mexico will have to change to another forest type to survive at the right climate. According to one paper I have read, 50% of the deciduous forests here in southern Mexico may be completely lost due to climate change. These massive shifts in ecosystems, combined with the fact that there are people everywhere, will undoubtedly cause extinctions.

    TAKE ACTION
       If you haven’t yet, consider signing the following two petitions.
       www.stopglobalwarming.org
       www.undoit.org
       Also, here is a great list of recommended ways to cut back your energy use.

    None

    CONTACTS?
       I will be traveling through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. If you have contacts with schools, local researchers, or people who have an extra bed, please let me know! (My route has changed – I am now biking through Belize instead of central Guatemala so that I can visit the coral reefs).

    LEAVE A COMMENT
       You can leave a comment here!

       I am now one day from crossing into Guatemala, entering the third country of the trip! My next update will probably come in two months, when I reach Panama and prepare for the cross to South America.

    David

    Miles biked: 3,905
    Flat Tires: 4

    A Ride for the Climate is sponsored by:
    Tarptent
    Mike’s Bikes of Palo Alto
    Pearl IzumiChaco
    Clif Bar

    Oaxaca to San Cristobal de las Casas – 8 days, 459 miles

    March 3rd, 2006 by David

       After a morning television news interview, I left Oaxaca and rode three days through steep dry mountains and deep valleys before arriving on coastal plains of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. At sea level for the first time in over a month, I found the mid-day heat almost unbearable and was almost pleased when winds gusting over 50 mph blew from the north (video right).

       On this coastal plain, I turned off the main road to take a 20 mile detour to the ocean. At the tiny town of Ceritos, I made a critical error and turned right instead of left. After ten kilometers of biking sandy roads, found myself at an impassible canal connected to an inland sea, still far from the Pacific as dark fell.

       A group of shrimp fishermen, consisting of a man, his brother, and three of his sons, told me of my error, and then invited me to spend the night at their camp. Shrimp apparently only move at night, and the fishermen have check and place their nets in the middle of the night. Between checking their nets, they slept on wood planks, and had built a small wall around their fire to keep out the persistent wind.

       Baltasar, a man of 55, after expressing pride in his 5 children and explaining to me why he enjoyed shrimp fishing, told me that in his 40 years of shrimp fishing at this camp, I was the first gringo he had seen here. I asked if he ever saw gringos in his home town, to which he said ‘sometimes, but they all turn left.’ I asked the fishermen if they liked their work, to which they said, ‘Yes, it pays well,’ but remarked that in recent years they have caught fewer shrimp as more fishermen had started fishing. That night, the 5 men caught a total of 2 kilos, which could be sold for about $8.

       In the morning I biked with Baltasar to his town (photo above), and then, turning left instead of right, followed a dirt road to the Pacific Ocean. On a beach devoid of services or tourists, I spent an hour in the shade of a fishing camp, meeting yet more local fishermen. Soon, the fishermen had me help carry nets and anchors and invited me to jump in their 20 ft boat, spending the next two hours motoring along the coast while they placed nets. Riding many kilometers along the shore, I saw a coastline completely devoid of people, and only a thin strip of sand between palm trees and shoreline vegetation.

       Perhaps there are not tourists here because it is incredibly windy – almost all of the time, a huge wind blows from the north, from the land towards the ocean. In the photo on the right, you can see the sand storm I had to bike through to leave the beach.

       After sleeping in a hamock at the home of yet another fisherman family in the town of San Francisco Ixhuatan, I departed before sunrise and, returning to the mountains, climbed into the state of Chiapas, Mexico’s most southern state. Reuniting with cyclists Gregg and Brooks, who are also cycling to Argentina, I rode two days to the city of Tuxtla Gutierrez, where I talked to 40 high school students at the Tec de Monterrey.

       The following day we climbed over 7,500 ft, passing through mountains full of indigenous villages before arriving in the city of San Cristobal de las Casas. Purchasing cooked corn from people on the roadside, I was surprised they were not replying to much of what I was saying. I soon learned that Spanish was their second language — they spoke the Mayan dialect of Tsotsil. Two women were able to say in Spanish ‘we are very poor’ as well as, once we told them we were from the U.S. ‘Is there money in the United States?’ But, when I asked if they were happy, they apparently did not know those words in Spanish.

       Their children spoke Spanish though, and we had them write down how to count to ten in their language, as well as how to say hello and thank you. Further down the road, we managed to get some local kids to laugh really hard when we passed them on the road and yelled ‘liote!,’ hello in Tsotsil. These are definitely the poorest people we have seen yet.

       In San Cristobal de las Casas, a town with a beautiful colonial downtown and cobblestone streets, indiginous children no more than 5 years old persistantly beg for money or approach the many tourists attempting to sell trinkets, refusing to take no for an answer. I eventually paid some of the kids to teach me some more of their local language, and when approached by the vendors, I would try to tell them in Tsotsil ‘I do not want to buy that.’ I also learned how to say ‘you are very pretty,’ which seems to be enjoyed more. Sometimes I will give the kids food, but I feel just as bad supporting children begging as I do seeing them need money. The mix of wealthy tourists and poor locals is always uncomfortable.

       There is definite tension between indigenous groups here and hispanics, and, in 1994, an indigenous group, the Zapatistas, literally invaded San Cristobal and took it over, demanding more rights. Indeed, when I asked the students at the Tec de Monterrey in Tuxtla, they told me that if you called someone an ‘indigina,’ or indigenous, it is taken as an insult.

       From here, I will continue east, heading into the jungle and crossing into Guatemala where, due to a change of plans, I bike towards Belize.

    Climate Change and Mexican Farms

    February 28th, 2006 by David

       As I have ridden through the center of Mexico over the past few weeks, I have stayed in many small villages. In these villages, almost every household has a plot of land that they use to grow corn or beans, and most families make their own tortillas. The mother of a family in Minita de Cedro remarked ‘no one buys tortillas here!’ as she showed me how she made tortillas. If there is extra corn, it is fed to the chickens (‘everyone has chickens here’ ‘do you own chickens?’), which are then also eaten or used for eggs.

       What does a changing climate mean for these farmers? The results from over a decade of crop modeling and estimates seem to agree: while the food production of the world as a whole may not change much, massive shifts in agriculture will result and the production of poorer, developing countries, which already have a warmer climate, will decline. In other words, climate change will have little or an even beneficial effect on the farms of the northern U.S. and Canada, but it will hurt these small farms in Mexico.

       Warmer temperatures in already warm regions generally decrease yields. A friend of mine at Stanford studied wheat production in northern Mexico, and he found that warmer years resulted in lower yields. And this appears to be the story of climate change and agriculture in the tropics — many places in the tropics are near their limit of heat tolerance, and a warmer climate will hurt crops. For instance, India recently experienced warmer than normal temperatures and also lower yields.

       On the flip side, plants use carbon dioxide to grow, and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may help some crops. This effect, however, is most likely to be strongest in northern latitudes, and not here, in Mexico. Also, most of the estimates of this CO2 effect (see graphs here ) are based on greenhouse experiments, and a number of field studies (such as the one I worked on at Jasper Ridge at Stanford ) suggest that the effects of higher CO2 on plants are less than expected. Also, the CO2 effect is going to be far less for corn than for other crops, and corn is the most important crop — both culturally and economically — here in Mexico.

       Global warming will likely result in big shifts in agriculture. For instance, the corn in the U.S. Midwest may be replaced by wheat, and Napa Valley may no longer be suitable for wine grapes. Switching from one crop type to another will take investment, and perhaps even genetic engineering to adapt crops to new climates. Rich northern countries will be able to make these investments, while developing nations will likely struggle.

       As I look at the agriculture on these hillsides in Mexico, where most of the knowledge is passed on from one generation to the next, I wonder how easy it will be to change the way these people grow their crops, or even the types of crops they grow. In Presa de Bravo, where I watched these two woman make tortillas (movie left — same movie as before), I asked how they had purchased the land to grow their corn. I was told it was owned by their ancestors, and passed down through the family.

       Finally, climate change may make weather more variable — meaning both more good years and more bad years, and fewer average years. If you are a subsistence farmer, you care just as much about consistent yields as you do about the average yield. In every town I stop in, I ask what they do if there is a bad year for corn. Francisco in La Mojada, who is going to sell that wheelbarrow full of corn stalks for $2 for animal feed (photo left), gave me the same answer that everyone else has given me. They have to buy food, and it is very hard. Many of the people move elsewhere when they can’t find work, and a huge percentage of the illegal immigrants in the U.S. are people from these small Mexican villages who were unable to make ends meet. (I asked in one small town how many people in the town were in the U.S., and I was told 10%.)

       Right now, there are 800 million people who do not get enough food every day (only a small number of these are in Mexico – most are in Africa or Asia). This a huge problem, and probably deserves its own continent-crossing-awareness-raising bike ride. Helping these people eat enough, though, is often a task of improving agricultural output in these poorer regions. Climate change will only make this more difficult.

    Mexico City to Oaxaca – 8 days, 351 miles

    February 22nd, 2006 by David

       After two days of bicycling from Mexico City, and crossing over a 12,000 ft pass between two volcanoes, I arrived in the town of Cholula, a suburb of the large city of Puebla and the site of a major pre-Colombian city. In the center of Cholula, ruins of a giant pyramid are covered by dirt and now appear to be a large hill, with, of course, a church on top (see photo left). I gave four presentations for the American School of Puebla, and stayed two days with a teacher at the school.

       Heading south, I rode four days to Oaxaca (pronounced wa-hawk-ah) through some of the most mountainous terrain yet. The first two days I traveled through dry desert country that, further south, gave way to pine forests. I camped one night on the roadside, one night in the small town of Santa Maria Tutla (photo right), and one night in the small town of Monte Frio.

       In Monte Frio, a town of no more than a thousand upon a ridgetop, I camped next to the municipal building, where the mayor and a whole host of kids stood and watched me cook dinner. Afterwards, I joined about 10 local kids in a game of soccer (video center), which we played until the ball was kicked over a cliff. Then we played basketball. Afterwards, one of the kids asked me to help him translate a book he had in English. I agreed, and he soon returned with his homework. This is a small town, with little available work, and most of the people, like the other small towns I have visited, eat the corn they grow on their fields. Also, many go to the U.S. to look for work. More on this later.

       I biked into Oaxaca, where, before I could ride to the city’s center, I was accosted by a man who had seen me on television and now demanded I stay at his house and be well fed. I agreed, and then today talked at a local University (Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Oaxaca) and a private high school (Instituto Carlos Gracida). Oaxaca, a city of 600,000, is in one of the poorer regions of Mexico, with a large indigenous population. It has a very nice downtown, though, and is full of tourists. Impressive ancient ruins, dating to hundreds of years before Christ, sit atop a mountain overlooking the Oaxaca valley.