We can't see greenhouse gases, but if we could, we'd see the air become a little bit darker each year.
The physics of the greenhouse effect has been understood for well over a century, and scientists have understood for decades that increasing greenhouse gases should warm the planet. As we have put more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere - mostly through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation - the planet has warmed.
What happens in the next century depends on how much more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases we decide to put into the atmosphere.
For an in depth discussion of the science of climate change, I recommend visiting the Union of Concerned Scientists' Global Warming 101 page. Below is a list of dispatches from the journey about climate change and its effects.